Stem Cells in Endodontics Regenerative: Review of Changing Paradigms and Innovative Concepts

Background: The new field is expected to guarantee the sensitiveness and functionality of the pulp-dentin complex due to the endogenous repairing and tissue engineering service. Regenerative therapies are designed to offer the healing and functional regeneration biological milieu instead of curing diseases, like in the clinical success of conventional endodontics.

Methods: The reviewed narrative is an integration and discussion of the recent developments in the field of regenerative endodontics, the advancements under the focus of stem cells, scaffold and signalling pathways and clinical procedures. Critical literature review on articles, which explored experimental models, new biomaterials, and clinical outcome studies, was conducted to establish the status of regenerative treatments and our capacities to enhance these treatments.

Findings: The regenerative endodontic (RE) is a process that has become more threatening with multiple advances in emerging technology. The scaffolds have been designed to resemble the extracellular matrix and offer the cell a scaffold upon which it can attach itself and organize the tissue. Further source of stem cells and more advanced methods of delivering growth factors to regulate cell proliferation, and differentiation provide more possibilities of cell-based therapy. The findings are encouraging and the research is faced with the heterogeneity of therapeutic responses, unstable treatment outcome and unstandardization of treatment regimen.

Conclusion: Regenerative endodontics is an effective, biologically-induced, restorative-reflective therapy of non-vital tooth. Even though the technical and biological heterogeneity process remains, studies in the field of genetic manipulation, scaffolding architecture and 3D bioprinting do leave a room of hope in the outlook of reproducibility and predictability of the outcome. The state of the art in these fronts is to conduct further research to remove the current limitations, and to render the regenerative endodontics as a non-drug option in the conventional endodontic procedure.